Skip to main content. You are here Resources » Multimedia. This Witness Seminar looked at the research leading up to that paper and the thirty years of subsequent investigations into the disorder which affects a significant proportion of the population.
Discussion addressed the theories of causation; research into circadian rhythms and the role of melatonin; the symptoms, diagnosis and prevalence of the disorder; and treatment with artificial bright light and drugs. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing. Gill J. Don't let SAD get you down this season. The Nurse Practitioner. Hairon N. Helping patients to cope with seasonal affective disorder. Nursing Times.
Timby B. Seasonal affective disorder: shedding light on the wintertime blues. Promoting health and wellness. Zauderer C. Seasonal affective disorder: an overview.
Mental Health Practice. Blaszczak J. Mayo Clinic. Seasonal affective disorder. Dryden-Edwards R. Seasonal Depression SAD. Oren D. Update on seasonal affective disorder. Psychiatric Times. Canadian Mental Health Association.
Kasper S. Epidemiological findings of seasonal changes in mood and behavior. A telephone survey of Montgomery County, Maryland. Lam R. Seasonal depression: the dual vulnerability hypothesis revisited. Journal of Affective Disorders. Dalgleish T. Differential predictions about future negative events in seasonal and non-seasonal depression. Psychological Medicine. Issues for DSM-V: seasonal affective disorder and seasonality.
American Journal of Psychiatry. Praschak-Rieder N. Suicidal tendencies as a complication of light therapy for seasonal affective disorder: a report of three cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Overy C. London, UK: University of London; Wellcome Witnesses to Contemporary Medicine. London, UK: Guilford Press; A description of the syndrome and preliminary findings with light therapy. Seasonal affective disorders. Psychiatric Annals. What is seasonal affective disorder?
Answers from the doctor who first described the condition. Magnusson A. An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. Rosen L. Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder at four latitudes.
Horowitz S. Shedding light on seasonal affective disorder. Alternative and Complementary Therapies. Mood Disorders Association of Ontario. How prevalent is SAD? Seasonal Affective Disorder Association. Thompson C. Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder in primary care; a comparison of the seasonal health questionnaire and the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire.
Lurie S. American Family Physician. Sher L. Free thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels in patients with seasonal affective disorder and matched controls. Morin G. Seasonal affective disorder, the depression of winter: a literature review and description from a nursing perspective. Mcleod A. Brancaleoni G. Classification of recurrent depression with seasonal pattern: a comparison between two diagnostic instruments.
European Psychiatry. Mersch P. However, it can be treated. About 5 percent of adults in the U. It is more common among women than men. SAD has been linked to a biochemical imbalance in the brain prompted by shorter daylight hours and less sunlight in winter. As seasons change, people experience a shift in their biological internal clock or circadian rhythm that can cause them to be out of step with their daily schedule.
SAD is more common in people living far from the equator where there are fewer daylight hours in the winter. Common symptoms of SAD include fatigue, even with too much sleep, and weight gain associated with overeating and carbohydrate cravings. SAD symptoms can vary from mild to severe and can include many symptoms similar to major depression, such as:. SAD can be effectively treated in several ways, including light therapy, antidepressant medications, talk therapy or some combination of these.
While symptoms will generally improve on their own with the change of season, symptoms can improve more quickly with treatment. Modern views of depression incorporate an understanding of the many symptoms of this condition as well as the often cyclical effect that the symptoms can have. For example, depression can cause disturbances in sleep, appetite, and activity levels; in turn, poor sleep, diet, and exercise can exacerbate symptoms of depression.
In addition to considering the psychological factors that contribute to depression, doctors are also aware that certain medical conditions such as hypothyroidism may cause depressive symptoms. The diagnosis of depression includes ruling out other medical conditions and other possible causes such as alcohol or substance use.
Thanks to the improved understanding of the causes of depression, effective treatments have emerged. Psychotherapy and medications that target molecules called neurotransmitters are generally the preferred treatments, although electroconvulsive therapy may be utilized in certain instances, such as in treatment-resistant depression or severe cases where immediate relief is required.
Other, newer, therapies, including transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation , have also been developed in recent years in an attempt to help those who have failed to respond to therapy and medications. Unfortunately, the causes of depression are more complex than we yet understand, with no single treatment providing satisfactory results for everyone.
Because depression is such a complex condition, mental health professionals often recommend a treatment approach that includes medications, psychotherapies, and lifestyle modifications. Everything feels more challenging when you're dealing with depression. Get our free guide when you sign up for our newsletter. Depression and anxiety in Babylon.
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